Home » Firmware » Zen Stock ROM » Download Zen Stock Firmware ROM for All Devices

Download Zen Stock Firmware ROM for All Devices

In this article, you will find out the proper link to download Zen Stock Firmware ROM (flash file)? Don’t worry about it, we are here to give you the latest officially released Flash File for your Zen smartphone or tablet and check for the Stock Firmware and Zen USB Drivers for your device?

If yes are you checking out an easy way to connect your device to a PC or Laptop? You’ve come to the right place! Here we’ve provided free download Zen Stock Firmware for all models supported their model numbers, just check below.

Download and Install Stock Firmware ROM

The Flash File (ROM) always help out you to fix the phone device, if it is overlain any Software problem, Bootloop Issue, IMEI Issue or Dead Issue or etc… The Firmware will be a zip–file package, which contains Flash File, Flash Tool, USB Driver, and How-to Flash Manual.

Zen 105 Glitter Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen 105 Glitter
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 466 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Admire Alpha Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Admire Alpha
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 374 MB

Get Firmware

ZEN Admire Blaze Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: ZEN Admire Blaze
Country: All
Android Version: 8.1.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 994 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Admire Curve Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Admire Curve
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 444 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Admire Curve Neo Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Admire Curve Neo
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 546 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Admire Duo Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Admire Duo
Country: All
Android Version: 6.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 1 GB

Get Firmware

Zen Admire Fab Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Admire Fab
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 389 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Admire Fab Q Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Admire Fab Q
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 604 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Admire Glory Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Admire Glory
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 765 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Admire Infinity Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Admire Infinity
Country: All
Android Version: 6.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 1 GB

Get Firmware

Zen Admire Strong Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Admire Strong
Country: All
Android Version: 5.1
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 1 GB

Get Firmware

Zen Admire Sxy Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Admire Sxy
Country: All
Android Version: 5.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 618 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Atom 101 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Atom 101
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 8 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Atom 102 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Atom 102
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Atom 103 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Atom 103
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Atom 201 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Atom 201
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Atom 202 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Atom 202
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 8 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Atom 203 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Atom 203
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Atom 203E Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Atom 203E
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Atom 301 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Atom 301
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Cinemax 1 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Cinemax 1
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 380 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Cinemax 2 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Cinemax 2
Country: All
Android Version: 5.1
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 644 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Cinemax 2 Plus Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Cinemax 2 Plus
Country: All
Android Version: 5.1
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 834 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Cinemax Infinity Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Cinemax Infinity
Country: All
Android Version: 6.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 1 GB

Get Firmware

Zen Cinemax Prime Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Cinemax Prime
Country: All
Android Version: 5.1
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 1 GB

Get Firmware

Zen M12 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen M12
Country: All
How ho Flash: Use miracle Box Software To Flash This firmware.
Download Size: 7 MB

Get Firmware

Zen M72 Slim Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen M72 Slim
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 16 MB

Get Firmware

Zen M72 Star Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen M72 Star
Country: All
How ho Flash: Use miracle Box Software To Flash This firmware.
Download Size: 7 MB

Get Firmware

Zen M72 Style Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen M72 Style
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen M72i Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen M72i
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 8 MB

Get Firmware

Zen M80 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen M80
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen P36 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen P36
Country: All
How ho Flash: Use miracle Box Software To Flash This firmware.
Download Size: 10 MB

Get Firmware

Zen P38 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen P38
Country: All
How ho Flash: Use miracle Box Software To Flash This firmware.
Download Size: 6 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Powermax Neo Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Powermax Neo
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 454 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Sonic 1 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Sonic 1
Country: All
Android Version: 5.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 624 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Sonic Bolt Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Sonic Bolt
Country: All
Android Version: 5.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 624 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 101 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 101
Country: All
Android Version: 2.3
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 295 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 102 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 102
Country: All
Android Version: 2.3
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 256 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 104 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 104
Country: All
Android Version: 4.0
How ho Flash:  See Tutorial
Download Size: 217 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 105 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 105
Country: All
Android Version: 2.3
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 186 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 105 3G Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 105 3G
Country: All
Android Version: 4.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 271 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 105 3G Pro Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 105 3G Pro
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 256 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 105 Fire Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 105 Fire
Country: All
OS Version: Firefox OS
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 89 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 105 Max Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 105 Max
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 463 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 105 Plus Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 105+
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 193 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 105 Pro Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 105 Pro
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 237 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 108 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 108
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 135 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 109 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 109
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 155 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 111 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 111
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 200 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 113 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 113
Country: All
Android Version: 2.3.6
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 142 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 302 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 302
Country: All
Android Version: 2.3
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 120 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 303 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 303
Country: All
Android Version: 4.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 175 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 303 3G Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 303 3G
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 466 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 303 Elite Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 303 Elite
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 243 + 240 + 211 + 211 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 303 Elite 2 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 303 Elite 2
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.4
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 327 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 303 Play Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 303 Play
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 247 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 303 Power Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 303 Power
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 247 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 303 Power Plus Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 303 Power+
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 247 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 303 Quad Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 303 Quad
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 505 + 529 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 303 QHD Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 303 QHD
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 1 GB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 304 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 304
Country: All
Android Version: 2.3
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 142 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 306 Play Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 306 Play
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 251 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 308 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 308
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 251 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 312 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 312
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 251 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 315 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 315
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 446 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 402 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 402
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash:  See Tutorial
Download Size: 373 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 402 Play Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 402 Play
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 499 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 402 Pro Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 402 Pro
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 366 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 402 Sport Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 402 Sport
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 501 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 402 Style Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 402 Style
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 365 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 402 Style Pro Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 402 Style Pro
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 376 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 501 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 501
Country: All
Android Version: 4.1
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 344 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 502 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 502
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 508 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 503 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 503
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 508 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 504 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 504
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 508 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 506 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 506
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 508 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 506 Pro Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 506 Pro
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 398 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 701 FHD Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 701 FHD
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 547 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone 701 HD Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone 701 HD
Country: All
Android Version: 4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 547 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Ultrafone Megashot 1 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Ultrafone Megashot 1
Country: All
Android Version: 4.4.2
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 338 MB

Get Firmware

Zen A100 Tab Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen A100
Country: All
Android Version: 4.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 471 MB

Get Firmware

Zen A700 3G Tab Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen A700
Country: All
Android Version: 4.0
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 547 MB

Get Firmware

Zen A900 Tab Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen A900
Country: All
Android Version: 4.0
Download Size: 363 MB

Get Firmware

Zen U1 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen U1
Country: All
Android Version: 2.3
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 146 MB

Get Firmware

Zen U4 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen U4
Country: All
Android Version: 2.3
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 100 MB

Get Firmware

Zen U5 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen U5
Country: All
Android Version: 2.3
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 107 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X12 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X12
Country: All
How ho Flash: Use miracle Box Software To Flash This firmware.
Download Size: 6 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X15 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X15
Country: All
How ho Flash: Use miracle Box Software To Flash This firmware.
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X35E Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X35E
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X45 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X45
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X45 Plus Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X45 Plus
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X50 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X50
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X57 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X57
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 15 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X62 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X62
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 8 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X65 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X65
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 7 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X66 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X66
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X84 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X84
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X90 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X90
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X91 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X91
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 8 MB

Get Firmware

Zen X101 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen X101
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z8 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z8
Country: All
How ho Flash: Use miracle Box Software To Flash This firmware.
Download Size: 3 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z9 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z9
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 5 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z10 Sleek Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z10 Sleek
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 20 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z12 Silk Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z12 Silk
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 8 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z14M Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z14M
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 20 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z15 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z15
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z15E Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z15E
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z16 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z16
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z28 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z28
Country: All
How ho Flash See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z28E Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z28E
Country: All
How ho Flash: See Tutorial
Download Size: 4 MB

Get Firmware

Zen Z77 Stock Firmware (Flash File)

Model: Zen Z77
Country: All
How ho Flash: Use miracle Box Software To Flash This firmware.
Download Size: 21 MB

Get Firmware

Watch Video Tutorials About Stock ROM Firmware

How to flash a custom ROM on Android. If you need to be rooted in order for this to work in addition to downloading and installing keep watching this video and enjoy it.

How To Flash Stock ROM Firmware On Zen

  • Method #1: NOW, Download the stock ROM zip.file given above and extract it on your PC. You will find the SP flash tool and Android separate file after extracting.
  • Method #2: Next, switch off your Zen smartphone and remove the battery.
  • Method #3: Now go to the extracted folder in Method #1 and open up the SP Flash Tool sub-folder. You will find the “Flash_tool.exe” file in it. Launch it.
  • Method #4: Once the SP Flash tool is launched, click on the “Download” tab.
  • Method #5: Currently, click on the “scatter-loading” button in the download tab.
  • Method #6: Next, click on “Open Scatter File” and select the scatter file from Method #1. For reference see the image given below.
  • Method #7: Now click on the “Download” button to start the flashing process.
  • Method #8: Next, connect your Zen Android device to your computer through original USB cable (without battery – if it is battery removable) and press the “volume up” or “volume down” button.
  • Method #9: The flashing process will begin momentarily and it will get completed in a minute or two. Once it is over, you will see the “Download OK” green ring in the SP Flash Tool.
  • Method #10: Now, close the SP Flash tool on your PC and unplug your smartphone and enjoy it. 🙂

This was all about Flashing Stock Firmware on Zen. For more such articles, keep visiting our Pages. Or you can also subscribe to our Newsletter so as to receive timely notifications of our posts and not miss any update of the technology world.

NOTICEABLE DRIVERS TO DOWNLOAD:

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *